Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 40 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {\cot ^5(x)}{5 a}+\frac {\csc (x)}{a}-\frac {2 \csc ^3(x)}{3 a}+\frac {\csc ^5(x)}{5 a} \]
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Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 40, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.385, Rules used = {2785, 2687, 30, 2686, 200} \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {\cot ^5(x)}{5 a}+\frac {\csc ^5(x)}{5 a}-\frac {2 \csc ^3(x)}{3 a}+\frac {\csc (x)}{a} \]
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Rule 30
Rule 200
Rule 2686
Rule 2687
Rule 2785
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\int \cot ^5(x) \csc (x) \, dx}{a}+\frac {\int \cot ^4(x) \csc ^2(x) \, dx}{a} \\ & = \frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int x^4 \, dx,x,-\cot (x)\right )}{a}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (-1+x^2\right )^2 \, dx,x,\csc (x)\right )}{a} \\ & = -\frac {\cot ^5(x)}{5 a}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (1-2 x^2+x^4\right ) \, dx,x,\csc (x)\right )}{a} \\ & = -\frac {\cot ^5(x)}{5 a}+\frac {\csc (x)}{a}-\frac {2 \csc ^3(x)}{3 a}+\frac {\csc ^5(x)}{5 a} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.02 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {(-25+8 \cos (x)+36 \cos (2 x)+24 \cos (3 x)-3 \cos (4 x)) \csc ^3(x)}{120 a (1+\cos (x))} \]
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Time = 0.65 (sec) , antiderivative size = 45, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{5}-\frac {4 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+6 \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-\frac {1}{3 \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )^{3}}+\frac {4}{\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}}{16 a}\) | \(45\) |
risch | \(\frac {2 i \left (15 \,{\mathrm e}^{7 i x}+15 \,{\mathrm e}^{6 i x}-5 \,{\mathrm e}^{5 i x}-25 \,{\mathrm e}^{4 i x}+13 \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i x}+21 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+9 \,{\mathrm e}^{i x}-3\right )}{15 \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+1\right )^{5} a \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-1\right )^{3}}\) | \(76\) |
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 53, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.32 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {3 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{4} - 12 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3} - 12 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 8 \, \cos \left (x\right ) + 8}{15 \, {\left (a \cos \left (x\right )^{3} + a \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - a \cos \left (x\right ) - a\right )} \sin \left (x\right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {\int \frac {\cot ^{4}{\left (x \right )}}{\cos {\left (x \right )} + 1}\, dx}{a} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 70 vs. \(2 (34) = 68\).
Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 70, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.75 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {\frac {90 \, \sin \left (x\right )}{\cos \left (x\right ) + 1} - \frac {20 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} + \frac {3 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{5}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{5}}}{240 \, a} + \frac {{\left (\frac {12 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}} - 1\right )} {\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}}{48 \, a \sin \left (x\right )^{3}} \]
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Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 59, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.48 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {12 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 1}{48 \, a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3}} + \frac {3 \, a^{4} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{5} - 20 \, a^{4} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} + 90 \, a^{4} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{240 \, a^{5}} \]
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Time = 13.40 (sec) , antiderivative size = 45, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^4(x)}{a+a \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {3\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^8-20\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^6+90\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^4+60\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2-5}{240\,a\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3} \]
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